Testosterone is a “male” hormone that plays a critical role in how the human body functions. Of course, it is fundamentally a man’s hormone. However, it is also found in women at a much lower level. It tends to fluctuate significantly throughout a human’s life.

Generally, testosterone reaches its all-time high during a man’s adolescence and early adulthood. It then begins to drop gradually between 30-40 years of age. Women, on the other hand, experience a decline in testosterone levels after they hit menopause.

Follow along with us closely as we examine the relationship between testosterone and age. We also explore some crucial steps you can take to handle a low T level before it begins to negatively affect your health and wellness. 

The Womb: Where It All Begins

The story of testosterone begins long before a child is brought forth into the world. In a male fetus, the testes start producing small amounts of the hormone after about six weeks of conception. This initial production is important for the development of the male genitalia and the proper descent of the testicles into the scrotum. 

Additionally, healthy testosterone levels in childhood help aid in the building of muscle and bone mass.

The Transformation Into Puberty

Men

From around eight years old, the hypothalamic region of the brain sends signals to the pituitary gland to produce gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which stimulates the testes to produce more testosterone. The increased production of GnRH leads to the physical and sexual changes that are associated with male puberty.

For example, guys begin to grow facial hair, body hair, and broader chests, and their voice deepens. Their muscle mass increases, leading to increased bone growth and height. Testosterone also stimulates the growth of the testes, the production of sperm, and an increase in sex drive and libido.

Women

In females, testosterone is produced in very small quantities in the ovaries and adrenal glands, and it largely remains low throughout childhood. During puberty, a slight increase in testosterone can cause a greater increase in pubic and underarm hair growth, but it’s not as significant a change as it is in males.

The normal testosterone level for a man is capped to be a minimum of 300 nanograms per deciliter (ng/dL) according to the American Urological Association (AUA). For a woman, it ranges from  15 to 70 ng/dL.

Your Youthful Days: The Prime of Life

Men

By the early twenties, testosterone reaches its peak and is often associated with greater physical strength, stamina, and sexual desire. At this stage, men have increased confidence and a higher tolerance for taking risks. Additionally, their bone density continues to increase, which causes a corresponding increase in red blood production and energy levels. 

Women

Although it’s significantly lower in females than in males, testosterone can also influence greater bone density, sex drive, and energy levels in women.

A Gradual Decline

Men

From around age 30, men begin to experience a subtle and gradual decline in testosterone levels, usually around 1-2% per year. Some of the most common effects that point to a decrease in the hormone include:

• Physical changes: Males can experience a decrease in muscle mass, strength, and bone density.
• Sexual changes: Lower testosterone can lead to erectile dysfunction and a decline in libido and sperm production.
• Emotional changes: Lower amounts of the hormone may result in mood swings and a decline in motivation, confidence, and energy levels.

Women

A reduction in testosterone starts from around age 40 in women. This is strongly linked with the closeness to menopause, which usually happens between the ages of 45 – 55.

About Low Testosterone Levels (Low T)

Men

A gradual reduction in testosterone production in men is natural. However, excessively low amounts can lead to a condition called hypogonadism or low T. This condition can lead to health-related issues like:

• Decreased libido and erectile dysfunction.
• Infertility and impotence.
• Loss of muscle mass and increased body fat.
• Anemia, fatigue, and decreased energy levels.
• Mood changes and depression.
• Bone loss and osteoporosis.
• Large breasts.

It’s not just age that can contribute to a low T. Other factors that can cause hypogonadism include:

• Medical conditions like obesity, diabetes, and other chronic illnesses affect testosterone production.
• Injuries or infections of the testes.
• The use of medications that negatively affects the function of testosterone.

Women

Although it is not a common subject of discussion, low testosterone in females can cause symptoms such as:

• Vaginal dryness and discomfort.
• Difficulty sleeping.
• Mood swings and irritability.
• Decreased libido and sexual satisfaction.
• Decreased muscle mass and bone density.

After menopause, a hormone called estrogen usually drops in a woman’s body, leading to higher levels of male hormones like testosterone. This may lead to:

• Loss of scalp hair.
• Growth of facial hair.
• Infertility.

What’s Next?: Optimal Testosterone Health For Both Sexes

The reduction in the level of testosterone as you age is inevitable. Nonetheless, you can do the following to minimize the decline as much as possible.

• Maintain a healthy weight: Obesity can greatly affect testosterone production in both males and females. As such, you should aim for a healthy weight for optimal health.
• Exercise regularly: Exercise is one way to lose weight and boost your testosterone levels.
• Eat healthily: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein will provide the necessary nutrients that aid testosterone production. You should also limit processed foods, sugary drinks, alcohol, and excessive drug use.
• Prioritise sleep: Quality sleep of about 7-8 hours daily is important to ensure hormonal balance—including testosterone production — in your body.
• Manage stress: You can start yoga, meditation, deep breathing, and other stress management exercises to improve your testosterone levels.
• Review your birth control options: Some birth control pills can suppress testosterone levels. You should speak with your doctor about an alternative contraceptive option if you’re concerned about this.
• Run a PCOS test: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal imbalance condition that can affect a woman’s testosterone level. If you suspect that you have PCOS, it is best to talk with a healthcare expert for proper medical attention.

Go for Regular Check-Ups

It’s important to note that some of the symptoms of low T can be caused by other underlying health conditions. If you think you might be experiencing either hypogonadism or higher testosterone levels, it’s best to consult a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment.

To explore treatment options for low testosterone, such as testosterone replacement therapy, schedule an appointment with one of our doctors today.